Description of Coloring Page: identify the Letter Gg upper and lower case, trace the letter Gg, color a funny grinning profile of a man, collar, hooked nose, large ears
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According to Georges Ifrah, the origin of the 9 integers can be
attributed to the ancient Indian civilization, and was adopted by
subsequent civilizations in conjunction with the 0.
In the beginning, various Indians wrote 9 similar to the modern
closing question mark without the bottom dot. The Kshatrapa, Andhra and
Gupta started curving the bottom vertical line coming up with a 3-look-alike.
The Nagari continued the bottom stroke to make a circle and enclose the
3-look-alike, in much the same way that the @ character encircles a lowercase a.
As time went on, the enclosing circle became bigger and its line
continued beyond the circle downwards, as the 3-look-alike became
smaller. Soon, all that was left of the 3-look-alike was a squiggle. The
Arabs simply connected that squiggle to the downward stroke at the
middle and subsequent European change was purely cosmetic. Read more...
English eight, from Old English eahta, æhta, Proto-Germanic *ahto is a direct continuation of Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓ(w)-, and as such cognate with Greek ὀκτώ and Latin octo-, both of which stems are reflected by the English prefix oct(o)-, as in the ordinal adjective octaval or octavary, the distributive adjective is octonary. The adjective octuple (Latin octu-plus) may also be used as a noun, meaning "a set of eight items"; the diminutive octuplet is mostly used to refer to eight sibling delivered in one birth.
The Semitic numeral is based on a root *θmn-, whence Akkadian smn-, Arabic ṯmn-, Hebrew šmn- etc. The Chinese numeral (pinyin bā) is from an Old Chinese *priāt-, ultimately from Sino-Tibetan b-r-gyat or b-g-ryat which also yielded Tibetan brgyat.
It has been argued that, as the cardinal number seven is the highest number of item that can universally be cognitively processed as a single set, the etymology of the numeral eight might be the first to be considered composite, either as "twice four" or as "two short of ten", or similar. The Turkic words for "eight" are from a Proto-Turkic stem *sekiz, which has been suggested as originating as a negation of eki "two", as in "without two fingers" (i.e., "two short of ten; two fingers are not being held up"); this same principle is found in Finnic *kakte-ksa, which conveys a meaning of "two before (ten)". The Proto-Indo-European reconstruction *oḱtṓ(w)-
itself has been argued as representing an old dual, which would
correspond to an original meaning of "twice four". Proponents of this
"quaternary hypothesis" adduce the numeral nine, which might be built on the stem new-, meaning "new" (indicating the beginning of a "new set of numerals" after having counted to eight). Read more...
In the beginning, various Hindus wrote 7 more or less in one stroke as a curve that looks like an uppercase J
vertically inverted. The western Ghubar Arabs' main contribution was to
make the longer line diagonal rather than straight, though they showed
some tendencies to making the character more rectilinear. The eastern Arabs
developed the character from a 6-look-alike into an uppercase
V-look-alike. Both modern Arab forms influenced the European form, a
two-stroke character consisting of a horizontal upper line joined at its
right to a line going down to the bottom left corner, a line that is
slightly curved in some font variants. As is the case with the European
glyph, the Cham and Khmer glyph for 7 also evolved to look like their
glyph for 1, though in a different way, so they were also concerned with
making their 7 more different. For the Khmer this often involved adding
a horizontal line above the glyph.
This is analogous to the horizontal stroke through the middle that is
sometimes used in handwriting in the Western world but which is almost
never used in computer fonts. This horizontal stroke is, however,
important to distinguish the glyph for seven from the glyph for one in writings that use a long upstroke in the glyph for 1.
Most people in Continental Europe and increasingly in the UK and Ireland as well as Latin America write 7 with a line in the middle ("7"), sometimes with the top line crooked. The line through the middle is useful to clearly differentiate the character from the number one,
as these can appear similar when written in certain styles of
handwriting. This glyph is used in official handwriting rules for
primary school in Russia, Ukraine, Poland, other Slavic countries, as well as in France, Finland, Romania, Germany and Hungary.Read more...
Description of Coloring Page: Color upper and lower case Rr, children reading together, books laying about, identify the word "read" and Rr
How to Use This Alphabet Coloring Page:
Help little ones to become familiar with reading and
writing every day. Don't be too demanding of any child under five years
of age. Just repeat the words and point out the upper and lower case
letters. Gradually he or she will begin to retain the information.
Talk about other words that start with the same letter.
Talk about how words may rhyme with the words used on the page.
Remind
your young student of the shared experience both while you are coloring
the sheet and practicing their writing and when you may be seeing or
doing a similar activity depicted on the coloring page.
Practice coloring and writing for just a few minutes
everyday; especially during mid-morning when children are most alert
and do not tire as easily. Practicing regularly helps develop their
small motor skills and also conditions young students for academic
environments.
Don't forget to drag the png. or jpg into a Word Document and enlarge the image
as much as possible before printing it folks. If you have a question
about this coloring page, just type into the comment box located
directly below this post and I'll try to get back to you as soon as I
can.
The evolution of our modern glyph for 6 appears rather simple when
compared with that for the other numerals. Our modern 6 can be traced
back to the Brahmins of India,
who wrote it in one stroke like a cursive lowercase e rotated 90
degrees clockwise. Gradually, the upper part of the stroke (above the
central squiggle) became more curved, while the lower part of the stroke
(below the central squiggle) became straighter. The Ghubar Arabs
dropped the part of the stroke below the squiggle. From there, the
European evolution to our modern 6 was very straightforward, aside from a
flirtation with a glyph that looked more like an uppercase G.
On the seven-segment displays
of calculators and watches, 6 is usually written with six segments.
Some historical calculator models use just five segments for the 6, by
omitting the top horizontal bar. This glyph variant has not caught on;
for calculators that can display results in hexadecimal, a 6 that looks
like a 'b' is not practical. Read more...
The evolution of the modern Western glyph for five cannot be neatly traced back to the Indian system as for the numbers 1 to 4. The Kushana and Gupta empires in what is now India had among themselves several different glyphs which bear no resemblance to the modern glyph. The Nagari and Punjabi
took these glyphs and all came up with glyphs that are similar to a
lowercase "h" rotated 180°. The Ghubar Arabs transformed the glyph in
several different ways, producing glyphs that were more similar to the
numbers 4 or 3 than to the number 5.
It was from those characters that Europeans finally came up with the
modern 5, though from purely graphical evidence, it would be much easier
to conclude that the modern symbol came from the Khmer.
The Khmer glyph develops from the Kushana/Ândhra/Gupta numeral, its
shape looking like the modern version with an extended swirled 'tail.' Read more... Coloring Pages About the Number "5"
Representing 1, 2 and 3 in as many lines as the number represented worked well. The Brahmin Indians simplified 4 by joining its four lines into a cross that looks like the modern plus sign. The Shunga
would add a horizontal line on top of the numeral, and the Kshatrapa
and Pallava evolved the numeral to a point where speed of writing was a
secondary concern. The Arabs'
4 still had the early concept of the cross, but for the sake of
efficiency, was made in one stroke by connecting the "western" end to
the "northern" end; the "eastern" end was finished off with a curve. The
Europeans dropped the finishing curve and gradually made the numeral
less cursive, ending up with a glyph very close to the original Brahmin
cross. Read more...
Three is the largest number still written with as many lines as the number represents. (The Ancient Romans usually wrote 4 as IIII, but this was almost entirely replaced by the subtractive notation IV in the Middle Ages.) To this day 3 is written as three lines in Roman and Chinese numerals. This was the way the Brahmin Indians wrote it, and the Gupta
made the three lines more curved. The Nagari started rotating the lines
clockwise and ending each line with a slight downward stroke on the
right. Eventually they made these strokes connect with the lines below,
and evolved it to a character that looks very much like a modern 3 with
an extra stroke at the bottom. It was the Western Ghubar Arabs
who finally eliminated the extra stroke and created our modern 3. (The
"extra" stroke, however, was very important to the Eastern Arabs, and
they made it much larger, while rotating the strokes above to lie along a
horizontal axis, and to this day Eastern Arabs write a 3 that looks
like a mirrored 7 with ridges on its top line): Read more...
Description of Coloring Page: otter holding a fish between his teeth, upper and lower case Oo, practice tracing letter Oo, the word "otter" used in a sentence, whiskers, long tail
Don't forget to drag the png. or jpg into a Word Document and enlarge the image
as much as possible before printing it folks. If you have a question
about this coloring page, just type into the comment box located
directly below this post and I'll try to get back to you as soon as I
can.
The glyph
used in the modern Western world to represent the number 2 traces its
roots back to the Brahmin Indians, who wrote "2" as two horizontal
lines. The modern Chinese and Japanese languages still use this method. The Gupta
rotated the two lines 45 degrees, making them diagonal, and sometimes
also made the top line shorter and made its bottom end curve towards the
center of the bottom line. Apparently for speed, the Nagari
started making the top line more like a curve and connecting to the
bottom line. The Ghubar Arabs made the bottom line completely vertical,
and now the glyph looks like a dotless closing question mark. Restoring
the bottom line to its original horizontal position, but keeping the top
line as a curve that connects to the bottom line leads to our modern
glyph. Read more...
Description of Coloring Page: letter Dd identification, practice
tracing the letters Dd upper and lower case, the word "dog" in a
sentence, dog's face with tongue, wet nose, teeth, floppy ears, different sizes, color Dd
Don't forget to drag the png. or jpg into a Word Document and enlarge the image
as much as possible before printing it folks. If you have a question
about this coloring page, just type into the comment box located
directly below this post and I'll try to get back to you as soon as I
can.
